ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the prophylactic use of antibiotic with placebo to prevent post intra-vitreal endophthalmitis and other complications
Methods: A prospective, cohort study was conducted at Ophthalmology Department, Fauji Foundation Hospital [FFH], from June 2016 to July 2017. A total of 1082 eyes of 673 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were selected at non-random and divided into two groups. In Group-I, non - exposed, placebo eye drops were given after intravitreal bevacizumab injections and in Group-II, exposed, ofloxacin eye drops were given after intravitreal bevacizumab injections
Results: Total 1082 eyes were given intravitreal bevacizumab injection in 673 patients. No patients in Group-I, non - exposed, receiving placebo eye drops developed post intra vitreal endophthalmitis, whereas only 01 [0.1 percent] patient developed post intravitreal endophthalmitis in Group-II, exposed, receiving ofloxacin eye drops. In inferential statistics the P- value was also statistically insignificant [x2 [1, N=1082] =0.95, P>0.05]
Conclusion: This study showed that topical antibiotic, as a prophylaxis after intravitreal injections has no role in the prevention of post intravitreal endophthalmitis and other complications
ABSTRACT
The bezoar is the accumulation of undigestible food or fibre in the digestive tract, most commonly in stomach and proximal small bowel. Trichobezoar is an accumulation of hair. They may present as an independent mass in small bowel or with or without an extension into the small bowel. The trichobezoars are well described, in terms of surgical, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures. However, there are very few reports on psychiatric literature and a dual presentation of gastric and ileal trichobezoars. The authors present a case report of a gastric with an ileal trichobezoar that is rarely reported in literature. A young girl with a history of trichophagia presented with features of small bowel obstruction. On physical examination, there was abdominal distension with a huge mobile mass on left side of umbilicus extending up to the epigestrium. There were dilated small bowel loops on abdominal radiograph. Ultrasound-abdomen also showed fluid-filled dilated small bowel loops. She was further investigated with CT scan abdomen, which showed a large mass occupying whole of the stomach and another mass in distal ileum causing small bowel obstruction, suggestive of trichobezoar. Through anterior wall gastrotomy, huge trichobezoar was removed from stomach; and through distal ileal entrotomy, ileal trichobezoar was removed
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine the effect of various factors on breastfeeding practices of mothers between counseled and not counseled group
Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study
Place and duration of study: Maternity ward Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi, from May to November 2009
Methodology: 100 mothers practicing breastfeeding were included in the study and were divided into two groups of 50 mothers each on the basis of their antenatal counseling status. Data regarding breastfeeding was collected by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire after taking informed consent from all the participants
Results: Most of the counseled mothers were antenataly booked [98%] [as compare to the not counseled mothers [44%] and the difference was found significant P<0.001. The mothers in the counseled group who complained of insufficient milk [16%] was less than the not counseled group [40%], and a significant difference was found between two groups P<0.008. Most mothers of the counseled group observed the advice of no extra water during lactation as compared to the not counseled mothers with a significant difference of P<0.001between the two groups
Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that antenatal counseling helps in motivating the mothers for breastfeeding. But it needs to be addressed further and clinicians need to emphasize the importance of breastfeeding during antenatal check ups
ABSTRACT
The promotion and support of breastfeeding is a global priority. However, in reality most of the mothers are unable to practice exclusive breastfeeding. Most mothers discontinue breastfeeding because of lack of confidence in their ability to breastfeed, problem with infant suckling, breast pain, perception of insufficient milk, in addition to other unspecified difficulties. Some these problems can be solved if the women are counselled antenataly about the benefits of breastfeeding and prepared mentally for exclusive breastfeeding. The aim of the study was to determine whether the mothers with antenatal counselling on breastfeeding would improve their exclusive breast feeding and compare this with that of the mothers without antenatal counselling. It was a cross-sectional comparative study which took place at the Maternity ward of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. Hundred mothers selected by consecutive non probability sampling divided in two groups. Group A: 50 mothers who were counselled on breastfeeding and Group B: 50 mothers who were not counselled on breastfeeding. Fifty mothers practicing breast feeding after antenatal counselling in the maternity ward of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi were recruited in the study. Another fifty mothers practicing breastfeeding without antenatal counselling were asked to take part in the study as a control group. Performa was completed and an informed consent was obtained. As compared to the not counselled group, the mothers who initiated breastfeeding immediately after birth were statistically significantly higher [p<0.046] in the counselled group [84% and 96% respectively]. Similarly the number of counselled mothers who practiced exclusive breastfeeding was statistically very highly significantly more [p<0.001] than the not counseled group [68% and 16% respectively]. Antenatal counselling helps in motivating the mothers for initiation of breastfeeding immediately after birth and practicing exclusive breastfeeding for first six months of infant's life. Existing antenatal counselling on breastfeeding is inadequate in the population studied and needs to be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Anaemia is a common medical problem in pregnancy. The extent up to which, maternal anaemia effects maternal and neonatal health is still uncertain. Maternal anaemia is commonly considered a risk factor for low birth weight [LBW] babies. Some studies have demonstrated a strong association between low haemoglobin before delivery and LBW babies. However, others have not found a significant association. Therefore, there is insufficient information to assess the overall adverse impact of anaemia during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal anaemia would affect the birth weight of the baby and compare this with that of non-anaemic mothers. It was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out at the maternity ward of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi. One hundred subjects divided into two groups each containing 50 subjects on the basis of consecutive non probability sampling were included in the study. Group-A included 50 Anaemic pregnant women and Group-B 50 non-anaemic pregnant women. Information was collected by direct interviewing method through a precoded structured questionnaire. The Hb level and birth weights were taken from the labour room record. The mean age of the mothers in anaemic group was found to be older than the non anaemic group, i.e., [29.44 versus 27.98], though the difference was statistically non significant. The number of low birth weight infants [64%] was statistically very highly significantly more [p<0.001] in the anaemic group of mothers than the non anaemic group [10%]. The results of this study show an association of maternal anaemia in pregnancy with increased risk of LBW babies